ZimmerMotorcars

Zimmer Books and Sources

The newspapers, magazines, company papers, federal records, archived websites and books behind every page of this site, each with its address where it has one and a pill for how far to trust it.

The chrome words Golden Spirit on a tan padded panel above a large crossed-flags V8 badge.
Chrome letters spelling Golden Spirit on the padded panel of a coupé at Villemanoche, France, in June 2023; the V8 badge beneath is aftermarket, and a later respray has left paint across the letters.François GOGLINS, CC BY-SA 4.0

The oldest source behind this site is a short item in the Miami Herald of 26 November 1980, announcing that Zimmer Homes of Pompano Beach would build a car, the Golden Spirit, 300 of them in its first year. Every other source the site cites stands beside it in the list below, from the Florida papers that followed the company for most of a decade to the trademark records that close its story, each with its address where it has one.⁠1

How the sources are graded

The pill beside a source grades the kind of source it is, not every line in it, and there are four. Primary sources were made at the time: the newspapers and magazines of the years from 1980 to the original company's reorganisation in 1989; the companies' own brochures, press kit, newsletter, report to shareholders, window sticker and websites, and the website of the body shop that built the revival's cars; Ford's brochure for the 1984 Mustang; the federal recall and trademark records; the auction catalogue of 1988; and dated photographs and videos of the cars. Art Zimmer's own accounts, in his memoir, to TravelLady Magazine in 2006 and to Boston.com in 2009, are primary too. A company's papers, like a founder's account, are primary as a record of what was said, which is not always what was done, and the revival company wrote its history of the 1980s company without that company's records; the pages treat both as claims, and say so. Reference sources are later work done with care, such as Collectible Automobile's history of the QuickSilver, Hagerty's articles, the printed encyclopaedias and the guidebooks and directories of the 1990s, even where only a passage could be read.

Database sources, such as IMCDb's lists of Zimmers on screen, are read one entry at a time. Unchecked covers Wikipedia, a newspaper story seen only as a snippet, and web articles cited for a single remark or for repeating a story the pages correct. They are useful leads, so a page may use one, but only beside a stronger source or naming it in the sentence.⁠2​3​4​5​6​7​8​9​10

Contents

Reading a citation

On the other pages, small numbered marks at the end of a section show which sources it rests on. Each mark leads to the list at the foot of that page, where the sources are numbered by first use on that page, so one source can carry a different number from page to page. After a source's name comes where to look in it, when the page gives one: a page number, a section, a release or a lot number, such as pp. 36–40 of Car and Driver for April 1987. Here every source the site cites is listed once, with its address printed as plain text.⁠11​12

Contents

The sources that carry most weight

Seven sources, or groups of them, carry most of the weight:

SourceWhat it gives
The Florida papersThe Fort Lauderdale News, the Miami Herald, the Sun-Sentinel and the Palm Beach Post on the company year by year, from the plant floor to Chapter 11
Automotive NewsThe motor trade's view of Zimmer and its rivals, 1981–87
Forbes, UPI and VentureThe business stories of 1982–88, with the family's own words
Car and Driver, April 1987The one road test of a Zimmer, with measured figures
Zimmer's own papersThe specification sheet of 1984, the newsletter, brochures, the press kit of 1987 and a QuickSilver's window sticker: what the company claimed
The federal recordsThe recalls of 1981–82 and the trademark filings, cancellations and assignment, which fix dates no one disputes
The revival company in its own wordsIts archived websites of 1998–2012, the site under Heyman Motors to 2016, and Art Zimmer's interviews, Boston.com's of 2009 above all

Where they disagree, the pages show each reading beside its source. The length of the stretch is one case: three sources give three figures, and the Golden Spirit's page sets them out.⁠2​13​14​15​16​12​11​17​18​19​20​21​22​23​24​4​5​25

Contents

Books

The books read give the Zimmer an entry or a passage. Those cited here, from John Gunnell's Weird Cars to the reference books of 1990 to 2011, were read in a library's full-text index, and are cited only for the passages read. So was Art Zimmer's memoir of 2015, Making It Count, whose chapter on his car company may say more about the revival's last years than any source read, and so was the catalogue of the Liberace sale of 1988.⁠26​27​28​29

Contents

Every source

  • Primarymade at the time, by the maker or by people who were there
  • Referenceserious later work: clubs, specialists, magazines, books
  • Databaseresults and listings, entry by entry
  • Uncheckedencyclopaedias and enthusiast sites: cited beside a good source, named in the sentence, or marked Unchecked
  1. Automobile Quarterly Publications, Kutztown, Pennsylvania, Automobile Quarterly's Directory of North American Automobile Museums, 1992, https://archive.org/details/automobilequarte0000unse_n4e0. Reference
  2. Ronald Ahrens, "Standing on their own", with the sidebar "Neoclassic movers and soakers", Automobile, Jan 2016, vol. 30 no. 10, pp. 65–70, https://archive.org/details/Automobile_January_2016. Reference
  3. Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, "Two-seat Asha bows: Clenet's third series", 30 Nov 1981, p. 3, https://archive.org/details/micro_IA40706908_0012. Primary
  4. Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, "Milestone Berlina Coupe", 7 Dec 1981, p. 3, https://archive.org/details/micro_IA40706908_0012. Primary
  5. Kathleen Hamilton, "Zimmer's flashy cars swimming in almost-dry market", Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, 28 Jun 1982, p. 3, https://archive.org/details/micro_IA40706908_0012. Primary
  6. Jim Plegue, "Survival is tougher", Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, 26 Jul 1982, Custom Market section, pp. E-1, E-11, https://archive.org/details/micro_IA40706908_0012. Primary
  7. Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, "Clenet evicted, vows he'll come back", 9 Aug 1982, p. 3, https://archive.org/details/micro_IA40706908_0012. Primary
  8. Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, "Sunnier Golden Spirit", 3 Jan 1983, https://archive.org/details/micro_IA40706911_0297. Primary
  9. Matt DeLorenzo, Item on a planned lower-priced Clénet ("lower-priced Clenet model"), Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, 4 Mar 1985, https://archive.org/details/micro_IA40706918_0108. Primary
  10. Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, "Excalibur introduces Series V", Jun 1985 (the 10 or 17 June issue), https://archive.org/details/micro_IA40706918_0108. Primary
  11. Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, Item on Zimmer's 1986 models, 25 Nov 1985, https://archive.org/details/micro_IA40706921_0105. Primary
  12. Richard Johnson, "Rescue of Excalibur may come from dealer", Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, 23 Dec 1985, pp. 24–26, https://archive.org/details/micro_IA40706921_0105. Primary
  13. Michelle Krebs, "First Allante rolls off line at $54,700", Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, 19 Jan 1987, https://archive.org/details/micro_IA40706924_0260. Primary
  14. Jason Torchinsky, "There's Really Only One Person Who Would Have Owned A Zimmer Covered In Candlelabras", The Autopian, 20 Aug 2026, https://www.theautopian.com/theres-really-only-one-person-who-would-have-owned-a-zimmer-covered-in-candlelabras/. Reference
  15. Fid Backhouse, 501 Must-Drive Cars, Bounty, 2011. Reference
  16. Fitzroy Dearborn, The Beaulieu Encyclopedia of the Automobile, 2000. Reference
  17. Clifford Atiyeh, "Q&A: Art Zimmer explains his lavish, 'neo-classic' car craft", Boston.com (Boston Overdrive blog), 18 Sep 2009, https://archive.boston.com/cars/newsandreviews/overdrive/2009/09/qa_art_zimmer_on_the_craft_of.html. Primary
  18. Martin Buckley, Cars of the Super Rich, Motorbooks, 2004. Reference
  19. Patrick Bedard, "QuickSilver!", Car and Driver, Apr 1987, vol. 32, pp. 36–40. Primary
  20. Tyson Hugie, "Pick of the Day: 1984 Zimmer Golden Spirit", ClassicCars.com Journal, 12 Mar 2020. Unchecked
  21. Aaron Gifford, "Former New Times Publisher Isn't Slowing Down", CNY 55-Plus, 17 Nov 2022. Reference
  22. Collectible Automobile, "1986–88 Zimmer QuickSilver Sport Coupe: The First 'Neo-Modern'", Aug 1993, pp. 85–87. Reference
  23. Harold, File: Brno, Řečkovice, depozitář TMB, DOD 2013, Zimmer Golden Spirit.jpg, Wikimedia Commons, 2013, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Brno,_%C5%98e%C4%8Dkovice,_depozit%C3%A1%C5%99_TMB,_DOD_2013,_Zimmer_Golden_Spirit.jpg. Primary
  24. Wikimedia Commons, "Zimmer Golden Spirit - Automobile Driving Museum - El Segundo, CA" (photographs, group), 16 May 2018, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zimmer_Golden_Spirit_-_Automobile_Driving_Museum_-_El_Segundo,_CA_-_DSC01390.jpg. Primary
  25. Tom Appel, "What Was The Zimmer QuickSilver?", Consumer Guide, 6 Dec 2018 (5 Dec in one reading). Reference
  26. Curbside Classic, "Mitsuoka Le Seyde: The Compact Zimmer", 17 Oct 2011, https://www.curbsideclassic.com/blog/mitsuoka-le-seyde-the-compact-zimmer/. Unchecked
  27. Curbside Classic, "Cohort Sighting: Zimmer Quicksilver – The Fiero Brougham", 2 Oct 2014, https://www.curbsideclassic.com/blog/cohort-sighting-zimmer-quicksilver-the-fiero-brougham/. Unchecked
  28. Curbside Classic, "It's True You Can't Go Home" (Stutz history), by May 2014 (Wayback capture of 2 May 2014). Reference
  29. Daily Oklahoman, from Crain News Service, "Firm Hopes Sports Car Will Help Pocketbook", 7 Sep 1986. Primary
  30. Bruno Vijverman, "Break On Through to the Other Side", Driven To Write, 26 Aug 2024. Reference
  31. James M. Flammang, The Great Book of Dream Cars, Publications International, 1990. Reference
  32. Anne Bagamery, "The egomobile", Forbes, 26 Sep 1983, pp. 90–94. Primary
  33. Forbes, "Zimmer's bummer", 3 Oct 1988, vol. 142 no. 7, "Follow-Through" column, https://archive.org/details/forbes142octforb. Primary
  34. Ford Motor Company, 1984 Ford Mustang (sales brochure), 1984 model year, https://archive.org/details/1984-ford-mustang-brochure. Primary
  35. Michael Langberg, "Zimmer has 'Golden Spirit'", Fort Lauderdale News and Sun-Sentinel, 22 Mar 1981 (Sunday), p. 3F. Primary
  36. Mike Langberg, "Prospering in recession no problem for Zimmer", Fort Lauderdale News, 27 Apr 1982. Primary
  37. Fort Lauderdale News, Business brief: C. R. Brown joins Zimmer Corporation, 19 Apr 1983. Primary
  38. Fort Lauderdale News, Business brief: the Zimmer limousine's debut, 27 Oct 1983. Primary
  39. G. N. Georgano, Cars of the Seventies and Eighties, Mason Crest, 2002. Reference
  40. Gloucestershire Echo, "Classic car owned by Ol' Blue Eyes makes festival appearance", 15 Aug 2019. Unchecked
  41. John Gunnell, Weird Cars, Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin, 1993, https://archive.org/details/weirdcars0000gunn. Reference
  42. Jim Koscs, "All that Glitters is probably Fiberglass", Hagerty, 23 Oct 2014, https://www.hagerty.com/media/archived/neo-classics/. Reference
  43. Greg Ingold, "Zimmer Quicksilver: Cool neoclassic or expensive Fiero?", Hagerty, 7 Jan 2020. Reference
  44. Richard Dredge, "Cars That Time Forgot: Zimmer Quicksilver", Hagerty, 25 Aug 2023 (US edition; Hagerty UK ran it on 22 Aug 2023). Reference
  45. Antony Ingram, "Express yourself, with this Zimmer Golden Spirit", Hagerty UK, 13 Mar 2023, https://www.hagerty.co.uk/articles/express-yourself-with-this-zimmer-golden-spirit/. Reference
  46. Jeff Koch, "A neoclassic like this 1983 Zimmer Golden Spirit provides a double dose of retro", Hemmings, 3 Sep 2020. Unchecked
  47. Internet Movie Cars Database (IMCDb), Zimmer: make and model lists and vehicle pages. Database
  48. Richard M. Langworth, Illustrated Chrysler Buyer's Guide, Motorbooks, 1996. Reference
  49. Las Vegas guidebooks on the Imperial Palace Auto Collection (group), 1994–2003. Reference
  50. Mike Lawrence, A to Z of Sports Cars 1945–1990, Bay View, 1996 printing, 1991. Reference
  51. Butterfield & Butterfield and Christie's, The Liberace Collection (auction catalogue), Los Angeles, 1988, https://archive.org/details/bwb_Y0-BWD-810. Primary
  52. Art Zimmer and Shirley Sherburne Zimmer and Lois Gridley, Making It Count: From A to Z, The Life and Times of Art Zimmer, Log Cabin Books, 2015, https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780984891122. Primary
  53. Miami Herald, Business brief: Zimmer Homes to build the Golden Spirit, 26 Nov 1980. Primary
  54. Miami Herald, "Luxury automobile still the prime success indicator", 1 Nov 1985 (promotional feature). Primary
  55. Joe Rhodes, "Autos as Art", Miami Herald, 20 Sep 1987. Primary
  56. Ed Lopez, Report on Zimmer Corporation's Chapter 11 filing, Miami Herald, 11 May 1988. Primary
  57. Miami Herald, Report on Terry P. McMahan's election as Zimmer Corporation's president, 6 Aug 1988. Primary
  58. Miami Herald, "Zimmer pays off debts, announces CEO will quit", 6 Oct 1988. Primary
  59. Rebecca Ross Albers, "A new chance for a shattered empire", Miami Herald, 17 Oct 1988. Primary
  60. Monrovia News-Post, "Quicksilver Introduced By Zimmer", 20 Apr 1986. Primary
  61. Michael Morlan, American Automobile Collections and Museums: A Guide to U.S. Exhibits, Bon A Tirer, Shawnee, Kansas, 1992, https://archive.org/details/americanautomobi0000morl. Reference
  62. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (US Government Printing Office microfiche), via Internet Archive, Safety Related Recall Campaigns for Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment, Including Tires, quarterly report, 1982, https://archive.org/details/micro_IA41152660_0060. Primary
  63. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (recalls API), Recalls database: campaigns 81V-069, 82V-017, 82V-073 and 82V-086, https://api.nhtsa.gov/recalls/campaignNumber?campaignNumber=82V073. Primary
  64. Zimmer Neo-Classic Motor Car Company, on nyautos.com, Zimmer Golden Spirit coupé and convertible pages on nyautos.com, Wayback Machine captures of 6 Dec 1998, 28 Jan 1999, 24 Apr 1999 and 12 Oct 1999, https://web.archive.org/web/19981206200850/http://www.nyautos.com:80/zimmer/zimmer2.htm. Primary
  65. Charles Elmore, "Zimmer looking for improvement in 1987", The Palm Beach Post, 25 May 1987. Primary
  66. Eric Peters, Automotive Atrocities: The Cars We Love to Hate, Motorbooks, 2004, https://archive.org/details/automotiveatroci0000pete. Reference
  67. Popular Mechanics, "America the Beautiful" (designer cars), "Zimmer Quicksilver", Apr 1987, p. 80, https://archive.org/details/PopularMechanics1987. Primary
  68. Jack Baruth, "First Drive: 1988 Zimmer QuickSilver", Road & Track, via Yahoo Autos, 7 Dec 2016. Reference
  69. Sam's Auto Body, Syracuse, New York, "Zimmer" page, captures of 3 Aug 2002 and 1 Nov 2010, https://web.archive.org/web/20101101204530/http://syracuseisuzutrucks.com:80/sams/zimmer/. Primary
  70. Ezra Dyer, "Neoclassic cars -- big, head-turning fakes", SFGate, 19 Nov 2006. Reference
  71. Ellen Forman, Report on Zimmer Corporation's reorganisation plan, Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale), 18 Jul 1989. Primary
  72. Christopher Malone, "'M' is for Memoir: The A-B-Cs of Art Zimmer", Syracuse New Times, 16 Sep 2015, https://www.syracusenewtimes.com/m-is-for-memoir-the-a-b-cs-of-art-zimmer/. Reference
  73. Syracuse New Times, "You Gotta Have Art", 17 Apr 2019 (reprinting the interview of 9 Sep 2009). Reference
  74. St. Petersburg Times, Investment column, 27 Jun 1982. Primary
  75. J. P. Faber, "He produces immaculate autos for the filthy rich", St. Petersburg Times, from United Press International, 17 Oct 1982. Primary
  76. Steven Lang, "1986 Zimmer Golden Spirit : Hideous Or Heavenly?", The Drive, updated 20 Jun 2017, https://www.thedrive.com/article/11692/hideous-or-heavenly-1986-zimmer-quicksilver. Reference
  77. Sandra Scott, "Art Zimmer's Golden Spirit", TravelLady Magazine, Aug 2006, https://web.archive.org/web/20080829001929/http://www.travellady.com/Issues/August06/3493ArtZimmer.htm. Primary
  78. Corey Lewis, "Rare Rides: Extended Luxury With the 1986 Zimmer Quicksilver", The Truth About Cars, 3 Apr 2020. Unchecked
  79. United States Patent and Trademark Office (assignment recordation), Trademark assignment, reel 4882, frame 0146, executed and recorded 16 Oct 2012, https://tsdr.uspto.gov/assignments/sn75320076. Primary
  80. United States Patent and Trademark Office (Trademark Status and Document Retrieval), ZIMMER GOLDEN SPIRIT, serial 75320076 (registration 2480221): status and prosecution history, 1997, https://tsdr.uspto.gov/statusview/sn75320076. Primary
  81. United States Patent and Trademark Office, Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTABVUE), Cancellation No. 92027992: Zimmer Neo-Classic Motor Car Company v. Zimmer Corporation (registration 1177989), 1998, https://ttabvue.uspto.gov/ttabvue/v?qs=1177989. Primary
  82. Jack Hayes, "Ostentatious — and priced accordingly", Venture, Jul 1986. Primary
  83. Wikipedia, Zimmer (automobile), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimmer_(automobile). Unchecked
  84. H. William Sacks, "Zimmer Classics catching eye of visitors", York Dispatch, 3 Jul 1986, p. 14. Primary
  85. YouTube, Three videos of a Zimmer Golden Spirit convertible ("Zimmer Golden Spirit"; "Zimmer Golden Spirit 2014 Convertible"), posted 20–21 May 2013, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmvZlmNwhMs. Primary
  86. Zimmer Motor Cars Corp., Pompano Beach, Florida, "Zimmer Motor Car Features and Specifications", revised May 1984. Primary
  87. Zimmer Motor Cars Corp., Window sticker of a 1986 Zimmer QuickSilver, 1986. Primary
  88. Zimmer Motor Cars Corp., Pompano Beach, Florida, 1987 press kit (Golden Spirit and QuickSilver), covering letter of 31 Jul 1987; price list of 1 Dec 1986. Primary
  89. Zimmer Motor Cars Corp., Golden Spirit "Road Map" fold-out brochure, c.1985–86. Primary
  90. Zimmer Motor Cars Corp., "More than just a car" (QuickSilver Prestige brochure), c.1987–88. Primary
  91. Zimmer Corporation, Interim Report, second fiscal period 1983, chairman's letter of 3 Aug 1983. Primary
  92. Heyman Motors, LLC, Zimmer Motor Cars website (zimmermotorcars.com, 2013–2016), Wayback Machine captures, 17 Jan 2013 to 16 Mar 2016, https://web.archive.org/web/2013*/zimmermotorcars.com. Primary
  93. Zimmer Neo-Classic Motor Car Co., Syracuse, New York, Zimmer Motor Car Company website (zimmermotorcars.com, 2000–2012), Wayback Machine captures, 3 Mar 2000 to 13 May 2012, https://web.archive.org/web/2000*/zimmermotorcars.com. Primary
  94. Zimmer Corporation, Zimmer Update, premiere issue, Jan 1984. Primary

Contents

Sources

  • Primarymade at the time, by the maker or by people who were there
  • Referenceserious later work: clubs, specialists, magazines, books
  • Databaseresults and listings, entry by entry
  • Uncheckedencyclopaedias and enthusiast sites: cited beside a good source, named in the sentence, or marked Unchecked
  1. Miami Herald, Business brief: Zimmer Homes to build the Golden Spirit, 26 Nov 1980, the business brief of 26 November 1980. Primary
  2. Michael Langberg, "Zimmer has 'Golden Spirit'", Fort Lauderdale News and Sun-Sentinel, 22 Mar 1981 (Sunday), p. 3F, p. 3F. Primary
  3. Zimmer Motor Cars Corp., Pompano Beach, Florida, 1987 press kit (Golden Spirit and QuickSilver), covering letter of 31 Jul 1987; price list of 1 Dec 1986, the releases and technical data. Primary
  4. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (US Government Printing Office microfiche), via Internet Archive, Safety Related Recall Campaigns for Motor Vehicles and Motor Vehicle Equipment, Including Tires, quarterly report, 1982, the Zimmer campaigns. Primary
  5. United States Patent and Trademark Office, Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTABVUE), Cancellation No. 92027992: Zimmer Neo-Classic Motor Car Company v. Zimmer Corporation (registration 1177989), 1998, the docket; the cancellation. Primary
  6. Zimmer Neo-Classic Motor Car Co., Syracuse, New York, Zimmer Motor Car Company website (zimmermotorcars.com, 2000–2012), Wayback Machine captures, 3 Mar 2000 to 13 May 2012, history page. Primary
  7. Collectible Automobile, "1986–88 Zimmer QuickSilver Sport Coupe: The First 'Neo-Modern'", Aug 1993, pp. 85–87, pp. 85–87. Reference
  8. Jim Koscs, "All that Glitters is probably Fiberglass", Hagerty, 23 Oct 2014, Zimmer section. Reference
  9. Internet Movie Cars Database (IMCDb), Zimmer: make and model lists and vehicle pages, the Zimmer lists and vehicle pages. Database
  10. Wikipedia, Zimmer (automobile), the article as read on 13 October 2026. Unchecked
  11. Patrick Bedard, "QuickSilver!", Car and Driver, Apr 1987, vol. 32, pp. 36–40, pp. 36–40. Primary
  12. Anne Bagamery, "The egomobile", Forbes, 26 Sep 1983, pp. 90–94, pp. 90–94. Primary
  13. Joe Rhodes, "Autos as Art", Miami Herald, 20 Sep 1987, the plant in September 1987. Primary
  14. Rebecca Ross Albers, "A new chance for a shattered empire", Miami Herald, 17 Oct 1988, the company in Chapter 11. Primary
  15. Kathleen Hamilton, "Zimmer's flashy cars swimming in almost-dry market", Automotive News (Crain Communications), via Internet Archive, 28 Jun 1982, p. 3, p. 3. Primary
  16. J. P. Faber, "He produces immaculate autos for the filthy rich", St. Petersburg Times, from United Press International, 17 Oct 1982, the UPI feature. Primary
  17. Zimmer Motor Cars Corp., Pompano Beach, Florida, "Zimmer Motor Car Features and Specifications", revised May 1984, the specification sheet. Primary
  18. Zimmer Corporation, Zimmer Update, premiere issue, Jan 1984, the newsletter. Primary
  19. United States Patent and Trademark Office (Trademark Status and Document Retrieval), ZIMMER GOLDEN SPIRIT, serial 75320076 (registration 2480221): status and prosecution history, 1997, the ZIMMER GOLDEN SPIRIT record. Primary
  20. United States Patent and Trademark Office (assignment recordation), Trademark assignment, reel 4882, frame 0146, executed and recorded 16 Oct 2012, the assignment of 16 October 2012. Primary
  21. Clifford Atiyeh, "Q&A: Art Zimmer explains his lavish, 'neo-classic' car craft", Boston.com (Boston Overdrive blog), 18 Sep 2009, the interview. Primary
  22. Ellen Forman, Report on Zimmer Corporation's reorganisation plan, Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale), 18 Jul 1989, the reorganisation. Primary
  23. Charles Elmore, "Zimmer looking for improvement in 1987", The Palm Beach Post, 25 May 1987, the annual meeting of 1987. Primary
  24. Jack Hayes, "Ostentatious — and priced accordingly", Venture, Jul 1986, the business story of 1986. Primary
  25. Heyman Motors, LLC, Zimmer Motor Cars website (zimmermotorcars.com, 2013–2016), Wayback Machine captures, 17 Jan 2013 to 16 Mar 2016, the site under Heyman Motors. Primary
  26. John Gunnell, Weird Cars, Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin, 1993, p. 185. Reference
  27. Butterfield & Butterfield and Christie's, The Liberace Collection (auction catalogue), Los Angeles, 1988, lot 1851. Primary
  28. Art Zimmer and Shirley Sherburne Zimmer and Lois Gridley, Making It Count: From A to Z, The Life and Times of Art Zimmer, Log Cabin Books, 2015, the car chapter. Primary
  29. G. N. Georgano, Cars of the Seventies and Eighties, Mason Crest, 2002, the Cadillac Allanté. Reference

Contents